INT322EGJ

 Acoustics How sounds travel and are heard Noise and unwanted sound Typical decibels of various sounds  the limit of human comfort is 110-120 Noise reduction coefficient (NRC) is the typical materials that are rated as far as the materials absorption capacity Sount Transmission class (STC) is the capability of a material to absorb sound Reverberation Time (RT) Sound that is built up in a room over time (echo) can be controlled Important when designing auditoriums, classrooms, lecture halls, music rooms, and performance facilities The principles of Room design partitions sound waves travel directly through wall studs, from one room to another. Staggered wall studs can disrupt the travel of the sound waves from room to room Room volumes  generally designers keep the room volume low when low reverberation times are desired larger spatial volumes are desirable in spaces such as performance halls when high reverberation times are desired.  Privacy Acoustical Partitions pr...

  Portable water is suitable for drinking Black water contains sewage Gray water is from sinks, bathtubs, and washing machines Sewer treatment plan Septic Tank Toilets are ethe single largest use of interior water     height efficiency toilets use less then 1.28 gallons of water per flush     low flow toilets provided by all manufactures. Legislation requires that new toilets require less water then those of the past     Dual flushing toilets use a mechanism that allows for two flushing possibilities. One flush when less water is required. Two flushes when more water is required Automatic Faucets sensors activate water usage Gray water use takes water from sinks and showers that can be reused to flush toilets or water closet light powered faucets are light-powered automatic sensors so no electricity is required Low-flow shower heads reduce the amount of water used during a shower.  The location of plumbing lines within a building impacts space pla...

 Power companies provide electricity for most buildings.  they are generated by several sources but the biggest source of energy used in a building is electric lighting.  Electricity travels from the utility company to the user through overhead and underground electrical lines or transformers Components of electrical systems consist of: Connection to a building Cable types Electrical symbols Energy management devices Keeping buildings well-insulated and lowering the thermostat temperature lighting control devices motion and daylight sensors Dual switching option Good lighting design impacts energy efficiency and the ultimate sustainability of a building.  the most common mistake is to overlight a space. the less lighting used, the less air conditioning is needed since lighting creates a big heat load.  The behavior of light depends on the material of the surface, light may be reflected, refracted, transmitted, diffused, or a combination of the above.  Peopl...

 Mechanical Systems The U.S. Department of Energy acknowledges the following that are subdivided into renewable and nonrenewable resources Renewable resources solar, wind, water, geothermal and bioenergy these are clean energy sources and are investments being made by the government towards a more secure future with energy Energy Debate The energy debate talks about the usage of fossil fuels vs renewable energy but not knowing if is renewable resources can ever fully replace fossil fuels Sources of fuel bioenergy fossil fuels hydrogen nuclear energy wind power hydrogen solar fusion Natural Gases Fracking uses water, sand, and chemicals to break down rocks to release the natural gases in them, but this waste can damage the local water supply.  Coal Fossil fuel is obtained through underground mining  Coal takes millions of years to form and after it has been used it takes thousands and millions of years to form more Coal is associated with pollution such as mercury, sulfur,...

 Interior designers don't deal with roof framing, since it is a structural issue They do need to respond to the shape of the roof as it shapes interior spaces The ceiling finish also falls under the realm of the designer.  Ceilings Cathedral ceilings/sloped ceilings Pros made popular during the 1970's Provides a sense of spaciousness Popular in Residential and Commercial design Cons Integration of lighting Issues of proper heating and cooling Creation of the sense of human scale within the space Directly applied ceilings gypsum wallboard A directly applied ceiling that attaches to the building structure most commonly used ceiling finish within the residential environment plaster Plaster is applied over a three-coat system over lath This finish used before wall board on walls and ceilings In historical buildings plaster was used for crown molding or ceiling medallions Suspended acoustical panel ceilings (SAPC) Grid types Material types Preferred ceiling treatment in the commerc...

 Wood Floor Framing Systems: Light frame uses multiple small wood joints to carry a load Heavy timber frame relies on columns and beams to carry a load Structural steel floor framing system relies on regularly placed column that support steel beams. Girders span the beams and carry the metal decking. concrete is poured into the metal decking to create the floor system  Open web steel joists are used to carry metal decking for a concrete metal decking floor system Concrete as a flooring system is either poured in place on site or cast at a plant and assembled on site Floor insulation must be installed to keep cold air from the ground from moving into the finished space above. Insulation is used when a floor is installed above a crawl space or above the earth  Interior floor material multiple materials are used Use of the space and building code requirements narrow type of floor finishes to use this is divided into hard and soft surfaces.  Hard surfaces concrete used a...